线上讲座 | 重建温暖新筑关怀
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发布日期：2020-06-28 23:14

6月26日BJTU+团队举办了第二次线上课程讲座，我们有幸再次邀请到陳張敏聰夫人慈善基金的张春梅老师为我们介绍QSAND体系相关知识。

On June 26th, the BJTU+ team held the second online course lecture. We were fortunate to invite Zhang Chunmei from Chan Cheung Mun Chung Charitable Fund to introduce us to the QSAND system.

QSAND全称为(Quantifying Sustainability in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters)，即量化自然灾害之后的可持续性，是一项自我评估工具，用于推广及告知自然灾害之后进行救济、恢复和重建的可持续方法。

The full name of QSAND is (Quantifying Sustainability in the Aftermath of Natural Disasters), that is, quantifying the sustainability after natural disasters. It is a self-assessment tool used to promote and inform sustainable methods for relief, recovery and reconstruction after natural disasters.

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QSAND宗旨是推广及促进自然灾害之后在庇护所和安置地工作中进行救济、恢复和重建的可持续方法，借此确保在短期和长期内对社区产生经济、社会及健康福利，同时支持和保护自然环境。目标是指导和告知受灾害影响社区，向庇护所和安置地活动推广更加可持续的决策流程，并提供识别和对比受灾害影响社区的救济、恢复和重建的选择，或解决方案可持续性的协调框架。

The purpose of QSAND is to promote and promote sustainable methods of relief, recovery and reconstruction in shelters and settlements after natural disasters, so as to ensure economic, social and health benefits for the community in the short and long term, while supporting and protecting Natural environment. The goal is to guide and inform disaster-affected communities, promote more sustainable decision-making processes to shelters and resettlement activities, and provide identification and comparison of disaster-affected communities’ relief, recovery and reconstruction options, or sustainable solutions Coordination framework.

QSAND相关机构简介
Introduction of related QSAND institutions
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BRE

布雷信托基金

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BRE信托基金是英国最大的慈善机构，专门致力于建筑环境中的研究和教育。该信托基金成立于2002年，旨在促进知识、创新和交流，以造福公众。该基金利用布雷集团获得的所有利润，资助新的研究和教育方案，帮助实现其“共同建设一个更美好世界”的目标。信托委员会研究建筑环境所面临的挑战，并公布项目调查结果，作为对建筑业的权威指导。

The BRE Trust is the largest charity in the UK, dedicated to research and education in the built environment. The trust fund was established in 2002 to promote knowledge, innovation and exchange for the benefit of the public. The fund uses all the profits obtained by the Bray Group to fund new research and education programs to help achieve its goal of "building a better world together". The trust committee studies the challenges faced by the built environment and publishes the project survey results as an authoritative guide for the construction industry.

信托基金通过其活动旨在实现：

Through its activities, the Trust Fund aims to achieve:

•更高质量的建筑环境/Higher quality built environment

•提供改进功能和性价比的设施/Provide facilities with improved functions and cost-effectiveness

•更高效和可持续的建筑/More efficient and sustainable construction

IFRC

红十字会与红新月会国际联合会

红十字会与红新月会国际联合会（International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ）是世界上最大的人道主义组织，不分国籍、种族、宗教信仰、阶级或政治观点提供援助。成立于1919年，现已有192个成员国。

红十字会与红新月会国际联合会开展救济行动，帮助灾害受害者，并将此与发展工作结合起来，以加强其成员国的能力。红十字与红新月联会的工作重点放在四个核心领域：促进人道主义价值观、救灾、备灾以及保健和社区护理。

The theme brought by Zhang Chunmei is "WASH (Water Supply, Environmental Sanitation and Sanitation Promotion)", focusing on a series of post-disaster humanitarian rescue needs, providing corresponding solutions, focusing on water supply, environmental sanitation and sanitation promotion. We also learned about the measures and programs adopted by the Sphere, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) and the Chinese Red Cross (RCSC) in the WASH project.

关于QSAND如何界定可持续性及其适用范围
About how QSAND defines sustainability and its scope of application
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现代社会对于可持续发展的定义是既满足现代人的需求与期望，又不损害满足后代人需求与期望的能力。QSAND工具采用社会、环境、经济这三大支柱作为界定可持续发展的基准。

The definition of sustainable development in modern society is to satisfy the needs and expectations of modern people without compromising the ability to meet the needs and expectations of future generations. The QSAND tool uses the three pillars of society, environment, and economy as the benchmark for defining sustainable development.

QSAND适用于需要部分或全部重建的一系列快速发生的自然灾害的后果，而不是制定处理长期健康、生物或气候情况或变化（无论是因人为或自然原因造成）影响的策略。

QSAND applies to the consequences of a series of fast-occurring natural disasters that require partial or full reconstruction, rather than formulating strategies to deal with long-term health, biological or climatic conditions or changes (whether caused by man-made or natural causes).

灾难发生之后，通过分析灾后地区所处的地理位置、安置地类型以及灾难时间线，QSAND体系可采用不同工具结构解决相关问题。

After a disaster occurs, by analyzing the geographic location of the post-disaster area, the type of resettlement site, and the disaster timeline, the QSAND system can use different tool structures to solve related problems.

（灾难时间线——用于人道主义援助的绿色重建和恢复工具，世界自然基金会美国分会，美国红十字会）

PAT与CAT：QSAND工具结构介绍
PAT and CAT: Introduction to QSAND tool structure
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PAT（预评估工具）

PAT（Pre-assessment tool）

在项目或计划的紧急救济和早期恢复阶段使用，它是CAT的先导（但也可独立于CAT使用），旨在作为在自然灾害后应用可持续性的快速参考指南，并协助在紧急救济或早期恢复阶段防止作出可能在恢复或重建阶段产生负面长期影响的决策。

Used in the emergency relief and early recovery phases of a project or plan, it is the forerunner of CAT (but can also be used independently of CAT). It is intended to serve as a quick reference guide for applying sustainability after natural disasters, and to assist in emergency relief or The early recovery phase prevents decisions that may have negative long-term effects during the recovery or reconstruction phase.

CAT（核心评估工具）

CAT(Core assessment tool)

在恢复和重建阶段使用，它构成QSAND工具的主要部分，并包含详细的指南和表现相关项目特征，旨在支持建立可持续的建成环境。在中长期重建计划中作为在自然灾害后考虑和应用可持续性的指南，通过提供协调框架，列明和评估在受灾难影响社区的恢复和重建期间的可持续性解决方案，支持决策流程，提供所应用可持续性选择和方法的简单计量（以及如相关的量化），并且通过展示不同选择的相对益处，告知决策流程。

Used in the recovery and reconstruction phase, it forms the main part of the QSAND tool, and contains detailed guidelines and performance-related project features, designed to support the establishment of a sustainable built environment. As a guide for considering and applying sustainability after natural disasters in mid- and long-term reconstruction plans, by providing a coordination framework, listing and evaluating sustainable solutions during the recovery and reconstruction of disaster-affected communities, and supporting decision-making processes, Provide simple measurements (and related quantifications) of the sustainability options and methods applied, and inform the decision-making process by showing the relative benefits of different options.

QSAND工具分为八个有关可持续建成环境重建的可持续性类别，其中七个涉及问题评估，还有一个类别（交叉）支持七个其他问题的应用和评估。

The QSAND tool is divided into eight sustainability categories related to sustainable built environment reconstruction, seven of which involve problem assessment, and one category (crossover) supports the application and assessment of seven other issues.

QSAND工具评估体系包括二十二个单一问题，横跨七个可持续性类别，加上包含八个交叉问题的第八个类别。在CAT评级百分比得分阶段，要经过以下四个关键的步骤：选择与项目／计划评估相关的问题、确定每项问题与所评估项目／计划的相关性、评估CAT问题和相关表现水平及可获得点数、最终计算CAT得分及等级。

The QSAND tool assessment system includes 22 single questions, spanning seven sustainability categories, plus an eighth category containing eight cross-cutting questions. In the CAT rating percentage scoring stage, there are four key steps to go through: select questions related to project/plan evaluation, determine the relevance of each question to the evaluated project/plan, evaluate CAT questions and related performance levels and availability Points, the final calculation of CAT scores and grades.

接下来，张春梅老师又给我们介绍了CAT的特定部分相关问题，包括七个类别的评估问题、如何假设灾难环境以及四个部分的评估标准。

Next, Mrs. Zhang introduced us to specific parts of the CAT, including seven categories of assessment questions, how to assume a disaster environment, and four parts of assessment standards.

成员对话：关于QSAND工具的提问交流
Member Dialogue: Questions and exchanges about QSAND tools
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本次课程讲座张春梅老师详细讲解了QSAND体系的相关知识，在两个多小时的课程里，她用自己丰富的工作经验作为理论基石，将枯燥的理论框架讲述得灵活生动，让听讲的各位成员都意犹未尽。利用课程最后的时间，春梅老师耐心地解答了成员们提出的问题，指导成员们如何应用这些理论知识解决实际问题，拓展了成员们的思维，给接下来的设计建造等工作提供了理论基础，让大家对于QSAND体系有了更加深入的理解和认识。

In this course lecture, Mr. Chunmei Zhang explained the relevant knowledge of the QSAND system in detail. In the course of more than two hours, she used her rich work experience as the theoretical cornerstone to explain the boring theoretical framework in a flexible and vivid manner, so that all members who listened to the lecture The meaning is still unfinished. Using the time at the end of the course, Mr. Chunmei patiently answered the questions raised by the members, instructed the members on how to apply the theoretical knowledge to solve practical problems, expanded the members’ thinking, and provided a theoretical basis for the subsequent design and construction work. , So that everyone has a deeper understanding and understanding of the QSAND system.

通过春梅老师的讲解，我们更深入地体会到，

灾后建筑的建设不应该是简易的临时搭建，而是拥有完整的评估建设体系的温暖工程。

一个建筑师的建筑观，往往是其世界观的体现，真正的建筑要懂得从人的角度出发，构建生活的万象。

Through Mrs.Zhang’s explanation, we have a deeper understanding that the construction of buildings after the disaster should not be a simple temporary construction,

but a warm project with a complete evaluation and construction system. An architect's view of architecture is often the embodiment of his world view.

Real architecture must know how to start from the human point of view to build the vibes of life.

QSAND体系通过评估和重建的一系列工作

让灾后建筑不仅仅只是临时的落脚点与安置地

更是成为了能让人心扎根的地方

用细微的关怀创造有温度的建筑

这正是我们当前需要研究的课题

QSAND system has passed a series of evaluation and reconstruction work

Let post-disaster buildings not only be temporary footholds and resettlement sites

It has become a place where people's hearts can take root

Create warm buildings with subtle care

This is exactly what we need to study