发布日期：2022-05-30
彼尔德和道哥的科普小讲堂——绿色建筑和太阳能
彼尔德和道哥的科普小讲堂——绿色建筑和太阳能
发布日期：2021-03-29 22:39
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这天风和日丽
道哥和彼尔德在街上散步
发现了许多屋顶长着树的房子
It's windy and sunny
Doug and Bilder are walking in the street
I found many houses with trees on the roofs
绿色建筑是什么？
这是一个值得讨论的话题
What is a green building?
This is a topic worth discussing.
绿色建筑是指在全寿命周期内，节约资源、保护环境、减少污染、为人们提供健康、适用、高效的使用空间，最大限度地实现人与自然和谐共生的高质量建筑。
Green building means a kind of high quality buildings which in the whole life cycle,save resources, protect the environment, reduce pollution,to provide people with healthy, applicable and efficient use of space,to maximize the harmony between man and nature.
室内环境：
绿色建筑在内部环境方面
善于应用自然能源维持室内温度，
引进无污染、光色好的日光作为光源，
控制室内空气品质指标等。
Indoor environment:
Green building in the internal environment
is good at using natural energy to maintain indoor temperature,
introducing the pollution-free, bright sunlight as a light source,
controlling indoor air quality index, etc.
室外环境：
包括自然环境和人工环境。
Outdoor environment:
Including natural environment and artificial environment.
地域主义要求
与所在地的气候特征、经济条件、
文化传统观念互相配合,
从而成为周围社区不可分离的整体部分。
Regionalism is required to cooperate with
the climatic characteristics,
economic conditions and traditional cultural
concepts of the location,
so as to become an inseparable integral part
of the surrounding community.
自然通风即
利用自然能源或者不依靠传统空调设备系统
而仍然能维持适宜的室内环境的方式。
Natural ventilation is the use of
natural energy or do not rely on
traditional air-conditioning systems,
but still can maintain a suitable indoor environment.
充分利用阳光，节省能源，
为居住者创造一种接近自然的感觉。
以人、建筑和自然环境的
协调发展为目标的建筑
Make full use of sunlight,
save energy and create a feeling of
being close to nature for the occupants.
Architecture that aims at the
harmonious development of people,
buildings and the natural environment.
绿色建筑的重要手段之一
就是利用太阳能，
而我们所参与的
太阳能十项全能竞赛(SD大赛)
就是要设计并实际建造一栋太阳能住宅，
以太阳能作为该住宅
运行和生活能源的唯一来源
One of the important means of green building
is the use of solar energy,
and the Solar Energy
Decathlon Competition (SD Competition)
we participated in is to design
and actually build a solar house,
with solar energy as the only source of energy
for the operation and life of the house.
太阳能的利用有
被动式利用（光热转换）
和光电转换两种方式
The utilization of solar energy has two ways:
passive utilization (photothermal conversion)
and photoelectric conversion.
光电转换：
利用太阳能光伏板，
光伏板组件是一种暴露在阳光下
便会产生直流电的发电装置，
太阳能利用由几乎全部以
半导体物料（例如硅）
制成的固体光伏电池组成
Photovoltaic conversion:
Using solar photovoltaic panels,
which are devices that generate
direct current electricity when exposed to sunlight.
Solar energy consists of solid-state photovoltaic cells
made almost entirely of semiconductor
materials, such as silicon.
光热转换：
是现代的太阳热能科技将阳光聚合，
并运用其能量产生热水、蒸气和电力。
除了运用适当的科技来收集太阳能外，
建筑物亦可利用太阳的光和热能，
方法是在设计时加入合适的装备，
例如巨型的向南窗户
或使用能吸收及慢慢释放
太阳热力的建筑材料
Photothermal conversion:
Modern solar thermal technology combines
sunlight and uses its energy to produce
hot water, steam and electricity.
Apart from the use of appropriate technology
to capture solar energy,
buildings can also harness the light
and heat of the sun by incorporating
appropriate equipment such as
large south-facing Windows or building materials
that absorb and slowly release the heat of the sun.
在上一届的竞赛里，
我们也做了很多关于太阳能的技术创新
放在i-yard 2.0中
In the last competition,
we also made a lot of technological innovations
about solar energy in I-yard 2.0.
光电转换
photovoltaic conversion
双面发电光伏板：
光伏组件采用“中来N型”双面发电组件，
大幅提高单位面积发电率。
在屋面涂敷反射涂层，
增加背面的采光，
进一步提高发电效率
Double-sided power generation photovoltaic panel:
the photovoltaic module adopts "N-type"
double-sided power generation module,
which greatly improves the power
generation rate per unit area.
The reflective coating is applied to the roof
to increase the lighting on the back
and further improve the efficiency of power generation.
光伏直驱空调
Photovoltaic direct drive air conditioning
光伏直驱空调通过
光伏直驱变频多联机系统应用，
将光伏发电与变频多联机
有机结合在一起，
空调运行时可以直接采用
光伏直流电来驱动光伏多联机，
在减少电量消耗的同时还能提高用电效率
photovoltaic direct drive air conditioning
organically combines photovoltaic power generation
with variable frequency multi-line system
through the application of photovoltaic direct
drive variable frequency multi-line system.
During the operation of air conditioning,
photovoltaic direct current can be directly used
to drive photovoltaic multi-line,
which can reduce power consumption
and improve power consumption efficiency.
光热转换
photothermal conversion
太阳能光热遮阳百叶窗：
为中庭遮挡阳光的同时充分利用太阳能，
为房屋提高提供生活热水
Solar thermal shading louvers:
make full use of solar energy while
shielding the atrium from sunlight,
and provide domestic hot water
for the improvement of the house.
太阳能集热空气墙
Solar heat collecting air wall
在冬季的时候，
通过太阳加热集热墙里的空气，
然后风机将空气送到客厅，
实现客厅独立供暖；
也可选择将太阳能空气墙接入新风进风口，
进行新风预热。
太阳能集热墙位于客厅上层，
保证客厅南面依然视线通透
in winter, the air in the collecting wall is heated by the sun,
and then the air is sent to the living room by the fan
to realize independent heating of the living room.
Solar air wall can also be connected to the fresh air
inlet to preheat the fresh air.
The solar heat collecting wall is located on the upper floor
of the living room to ensure that
the south of the living room is still visible.
太阳能的利用多种多样，
它既是一次能源，又是可再生能源。
它资源丰富，既可免费使用，
又无需运输，对环境无任何污染。
为人类创造了一种新的生活形态，
使社会及人类进入
一个节约能源减少污染的时代
Solar energy can be used in many ways.
It is both a primary energy source
and a renewable energy source.
It is rich in resources, can be free to use,
and no transport, no pollution to the environment.
Created a new form of life for human beings,
so that the society and human beings
into an era of energy saving and pollution reduction.
请大家持续关注下回的小讲堂
多多支持彼尔德和道哥~
Please continue to pay attention to the next small lecture hall
Support Bild and Dog a lot~
//下期预告：被动式太阳能建筑
绘画 | 刘璐
编辑 | 许湉
公众号原链接/Original link of official account
：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/IFdIsr4K7zFiEOlHUCsFWg
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