答题有奖②：灾后救援的基本常识
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发布日期：2021-04-20 21:22

福利预告！！！

自今日起我们将推出共4篇灾后救援答题内容，总分值为100分，按积分制获得奖品。

答题积分共90分以上，可获得建艺一层文创咖啡店20元以下饮品一杯及SDC team BJTU+团队周边水杯一件。

70分以上，可获得建艺一层文创咖啡店10元代金券。

60分以上，可获得建艺一层文创咖啡店5元代金券。

每篇答题均参加者，可获得建艺一层文创咖啡店3元代金券。

Starting today, we will launch a total of 4 post-disaster rescue answers, with a total score of 100 points, and prizes will be awarded according to the points system.

A total of 90 points or more for the answer points, you can get a cultural and creative coffee shop on the first floor of Jianyi and less than 20 yuan

One drink and one water cup around the SDC team BJTU+ team.

70 points or more can get a 10 yuan voucher for the cultural and creative coffee shop on the first floor of Jianyi.

60 points or more can get a 5 yuan voucher for the cultural and creative coffee shop on the first floor of Jianyi.

Participants who answer each question will get a 3 yuan voucher for the cultural and creative coffee shop on the first floor of Jianyi.

灾后救援基本类型

Basic types of post-disaster rescue

道哥第一次和彼尔德见面的时候

他就发现了这个孩子与众不同

When Dog and Bird first met,

He discovered that Bird is different

遇到地震该怎么办？

What should I do in case of an earthquake?

开展地震应急救援，主要由以下几步构成。

Earthquake emergency rescue mainly consists of the following steps.

一、侦察检测

Reconnaissance detection

1.掌握受灾总体面积、建筑垮塌区域、可能再次发生垮塌区域等情况

1. Master the total area of the disaster, the area of building collapse, may collapse again and so on.

2.利用生命探测仪、搜救犬等装备，采取听、看、敲、喊、询问知情人等方法，确定被困人员的具体位置及数量。

2. By means of life detector, search and rescue dog and other equipment, and by means of listening, watching, knocking, shouting, being good at earthquake emergency rescue, popular science books and so on, the specific location and number of the trapped persons are determined.

3.查明建筑物垮塌后是否造成煤气（天然气）、自来水管道爆裂，掉落的电线是否带电。

3. Find out whether the collapse of the building caused gas (natural gas) , water pipes burst, the fall of the power lines are live.

4.掌握受灾区域是否有火灾、水灾发生以及有无危险化学品、有毒物质泄漏，放射性物质扩散等情况。

4. To know whether there is fire, flood, hazardous chemicals, toxic material leakage, radioactive material diffusion and so on in the disaster area.

5.掌握现场的道路交通情况，确定救援车辆的行驶通道、操作场地以及所需的车辆装备和人员。

5. Master the scene of the road traffic, to determine the rescue vehicles of the passage, operating site and the required vehicle equipment and personnel.

二、设置警戒

set condition

协调相关部门划定警戒区域，设置警戒线，实施局部交通管制。警戒范围的确定应综合考虑火灾、水灾、危险化学品泄漏、供电状况、建筑物再次垮塌等因素。

Coordinate with relevant departments to demarcate warning areas, set up warning lines, implement local traffic control. Fire, flood, leakage of dangerous chemicals, power supply and building collapse should be taken into account in the determination of warning scope.

三、救援准备

Rescue preparation

参加地震灾害事故的抢险救援时，消防部队指挥员以及相关人员应参加当地政府地震抢险救援总指挥部的会议，制订抢险救援方案，掌握灾情状况，领受任务并组织实施。

When participating in the rescue and rescue of earthquake disaster accidents, the commanders of the fire forces and relevant personnel shall attend the meeting of the local government’s general headquarters for earthquake rescue and rescue, formulate the rescue and rescue plan, and grasp the disaster situation, receive the task and organize the implementation.

成立消防抢险救援指挥部，按照确保危、急、险、重和重点部位（区域）的原则，制订抢险救援行动方案，确定救援力量部署，展开救援行动。

The fire rescue and rescue headquarters shall be set up to formulate rescue and rescue operational plans, determine the deployment of rescue forces and carry out rescue operations in accordance with the principle of ensuring the critical, urgent, dangerous, important and key positions (regions) .

进行分工部署，强调安全防护，提出行动要求。

Carry Out Division of labor deployment, emphasize security protection, put forward operational

确定转移、疏散灾民和物资的路线。

Determine routes for the transfer and evacuation of victims and supplies.

在地震专家的指导下，安排现场安全员全程观察救援现场的环境，了解和发现余震、建（构）筑物垮塌或危险化学品泄漏等危险情况和征兆，及时发出警示信号，便于救援人员迅速、安全撤离。

Under the guidance of earthquake experts, arrange site safety personnel to observe the environment of the rescue site all the way, understand and find dangerous conditions and signs such as aftershocks, building (structure) collapse or leakage of dangerous chemicals,and timely issue warning signals, to facilitate the rapid and safe evacuation of rescue workers.

四、生命救助

Rescue lives

1.迅速组织救人行动，运用各种救人手段和器材装备，全力抢救遇险、被困人员。

1. Quickly organize rescue operations, the use of a variety of rescue means and equipment, and spare no effort to rescue people in distress, trapped.

2.加强宣传指导，可使用扩音设备进行广播，引导组织群众开展自救、自助活动，指导群众报警求救和扑救初期火灾。

2. Strengthen publicity and guidance, can use public address equipment for broadcasting, guide the masses to carry out self-help, self-help activities, guide the masses to call the police for rescue and put out the initial fire.

3.通过问、听、喊、嗅、寻、判、测等方法，利用生命探测仪、搜救犬等装备，确定被埋人员数量和具体位置。使用破拆、救生、牵引、起重等器材装备，积极营救被埋压人员，做到早发现、早救助。

3.By asking, listening, shouting, smelling, seeking, judging, measuring and other methods, using life detector, search and rescue dog and other equipment, to determine the number of buried people and specific location. The use of demolition, lifesaving, traction, lifting equipment and other equipment, active rescue buried pressure personnel, early detection, early rescue.

4.对于受灾程度不同的现场，要以险、重地段为优先救助区域；对于同时有多个急需救助的现场，要以待救者多的为优先救助区域；对于受伤者，要以重伤、病患者及老弱妇幼者为优先救助对象。

4. For sites with different degrees of disaster, hazardous and heavy-duty areas should be given priority for rescue; for sites with many people in urgent need of rescue at the same time, priority should be given to those with more people waiting for rescue; for the injured, priority should be given to the seriously injured, the sick, the old, the weak, the women and children.

5.在伤亡严重的重灾区域，除布置救援力量外，还要迅速通知医疗急救部门，设置现场紧急救护所，协助医务人员对受伤人员进行救治。

5.In serious disaster areas, in addition to the deployment of rescue forces, but also quickly notify the medical emergency departments, set up on-site emergency ambulance, to assist medical personnel to treat the injured.

6.协助医疗急救人员抢救窒息、休克、出血等重、危伤员，并迅速转送医院做进一步救治。

6.To assist the medical emergency personnel in rescuing the seriously and critically wounded, such as asphyxia, shock and hemorrhage, and to transfer them to the hospital for further treatment.

7.转移、疏散灾民，及时保护或疏散重要物资。

7.Transfer and evacuate the victims, protect or evacuate the important materials in time.

五、排除险情

Remove the risk

关阀断源。关闭因地震灾害造成的漏水、漏气、漏电等管道阀门，有效处置危险化学品泄漏事故。

Shut-off valve. Close the pipeline valves such as water leakage, gas leakage and electricity leakage caused by the earthquake disaster, and effectively deal with the leakage accident of dangerous chemicals.

对易垮塌的建筑堆垛进行打桩顶固，对悬而未落或有塌落迹象的断壁残垣要先清理，防止造成救援人员伤亡。

Pile on the collapse of the building piles, the hanging walls or signs of collapse to clear debris first, to prevent rescue personnel casualties.

及时扑灭现场发生的火灾，注意排除事故现场积水。多处同时发生火灾时，要确保重点区域和重要部位的安全。

Put out the fire at the scene in time, pay attention to eliminate the water on the scene.When multiple fires occur at the same time, the safety of key areas and important parts should be ensured.

遇有危险化学品泄漏扩散时，可采取中和稀释、堵漏排险、筑堤引流等措施，防止引发次生灾害。

In case of leakage and diffusion of hazardous chemicals, measures such as neutralization and dilution, leakage plugging and drainage, embankment and other measures can be taken to prevent secondary disasters.

六、后勤保障

Logistic support

地震灾害救援任务重、难度大、时间长，要及时补给各类救生、破拆等器材装备和饮用水、食物、药品、衣物等生活必需品，以确保部队长时间连续作战的需要。

Earthquake disaster relief tasks are heavy, difficult, and time-consuming. All kinds of life-saving, dismantling and other equipment, as well as daily necessities such as drinking water, food, medicine, and clothing, must be supplied in time to ensure that the troops need to fight continuously for a long time.

七、现场清理

Clearance

1.协同地震、公安等部门利用生命探测仪、搜救犬等器材装备，再次对现场进行探测、搜索，确认有无被困、遇险人员。

1. In coordination with the earthquake, public security and other departments to use life detector, search dogs and other equipment and equipment, once again on the scene to detect, search, confirm whether there are trapped, in distress personnel.

2.对救出的伤亡人员做好登记，将其移交给医疗救护人员；对伴随有危险化学品泄漏的现场，利用稀释驱散、沙土埋压等方法，清除低洼处或地表的残余物质。

2. To register the rescued casualties and hand them over to the medical and ambulance personnel; to the scene accompanied by the leakage of dangerous chemicals, the use of dilution dispersion, sand buried pressure and other methods to remove the low-lying areas or surface residues.

3.清点人员，收集、整理器材装备。救援结束后，必须要以队为单位全面、彻底清点人员，检查有无受伤或失踪的人员，并将检查情况报告现场总指挥员，做好记录。

3. Check the personnel, collect and arrange the equipment. After the rescue, the team must be a comprehensive and thorough inventory of personnel, check whether there are injured or missing persons, and will check the situation report to the commander-in-chief on the scene, make a good record.

4.撤除警戒，移交现场，安全撤离。

4. Stand down, hand over, and evacuate safely.