彼尔德和道哥的科普小讲堂——绿色照明
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发布日期：2021-06-16 21:38

一、什么是绿色照明？

Q1. What is green lighting?

绿色照明是国际上通用的以节约能源、节约资源、保护环境为理念的照明光源的形象说法。它主要是指通过科学的照明设计采用效率高、寿命长、安全和性能稳定的照明电器产品，如：电光源、灯用电器附件、灯具等来改善提高人们工作、学习、生活的条件和质量，从而创造一个高效、舒适、安全、经济、有益的环境并充分体现现代文明的照明。

Green lighting is an internationally accepted image of a lighting source with the concept of saving energy, saving resources, and protecting the environment. It mainly refers to the use of high-efficiency, long-life, safe and stable performance lighting electrical products through scientific lighting design, such as electric light sources, lamp electrical accessories, lamps, etc. to improve people's working, learning, and living conditions and quality , So as to create an efficient, comfortable, safe, economical and beneficial environment and fully reflect the lighting of modern civilization.

绿色照明包含高效节能、环保、安全、舒适4项指标。高效节能意味着以消耗较少的电能获得足够的照明，从而明显减少电厂大气污染物的排放，达到环保的目的。安全、舒适指的是光照清晰、柔和及不产生紫外线、眩光等有害光照，不产生光污染。

Green lighting includes four indicators of high efficiency, energy saving, environmental protection, safety and comfort. High-efficiency and energy-saving means obtaining sufficient lighting with less power consumption, thereby significantly reducing the emission of air pollutants from power plants and achieving the goal of environmental protection. Safety and comfort refer to clear, soft and no harmful light such as ultraviolet rays and glare, and no light pollution.

绿色照明工程要求人们不要局限于节能这一认识，要提高到节约能源、保护环境的高度，这样才能使影响更广泛，更深远。绿色照明工程不只是个经济效益问题，更是一项着眼于资源利用和环境保护的重大课题。通过照明节电减少发电量，进而降低燃煤量，减少二氧化硫、氮氧化物等有害气体以及二氧化碳等温室气体的排放，有助于解决世界面临的环境与发展课题。

The green lighting project requires people not to confine themselves to the awareness of energy conservation, but to raise it to the height of energy conservation and environmental protection, so that the impact can be broader and more far-reaching. The green lighting project is not only a question of economic benefits, but also a major issue focusing on resource utilization and environmental protection. Saving electricity through lighting reduces the amount of electricity generated, thereby reducing the amount of coal burned, reducing the emission of harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which will help solve the environmental and development issues facing the world.

绿色照明工程要求的照明节能，已经不完全是传统意义的节能，这在中国“绿色照明工程实施方案”宗旨中已经有清楚的描述，即满足照明质量和视觉环境条件的更高要求。因此照明节能的实现不能靠降低照明标准，而是要依靠充分运用现代科技手段提高照明工程设计水平以及照明器材效率。

The lighting energy-saving required by the green lighting project is not completely energy-saving in the traditional sense. This is clearly described in the purpose of China's "Green Lighting Project Implementation Plan", which is to meet the higher requirements of lighting quality and visual environmental conditions. Therefore, the realization of lighting energy saving cannot rely on lowering the lighting standards, but rely on the full use of modern technology to improve the level of lighting engineering design and the efficiency of lighting equipment.

二、我们可以采取什么措施实现绿色照明？

Q2. What measures can we take to achieve green lighting?

要实现绿色照明，首先需要合理采用电光源、电器附件、灯具、配线器材，以及调光和控光器件等。

比如，我们可以采用高效节能的电光源；采用高效节能的照明灯具；采用高效节能的灯用电器附件；采用各种照明节能的控制设备或器件。

To achieve green lighting, it is first necessary to reasonably use electric light sources, electrical accessories, lamps, wiring equipment, and dimming and light control devices.

For example, we can use high-efficiency and energy-saving electric light sources; use high-efficiency energy-saving lighting fixtures; use high-efficiency energy-saving lamps and electrical accessories; use various lighting energy-saving control equipment or devices.

Tips:

Bird: What is the difference between an electric light source and a lamp?

Dog: Electric light source is a device or device that converts electrical energy into light energy; lamp is a device that redistributes the luminous flux emitted by the light source, prevents and reduces the pollution of the light source, and protects the light source.

三、高效节能的电光源包括哪些？

Q3. What are the high-efficiency and energy-saving electric light sources?

1、卤钨灯：用卤钨灯取代普通照明白炽灯可节电50-60%；

2、自镇流单端荧光灯：用自镇流单端荧光灯取代白炽灯可节电70-80%；

3、直管型荧光灯：用直管型荧光灯取代白炽灯可节电70-90%；

4、高压钠灯和金属卤化物灯；

5、低压钠灯；

6、发光二极管-LED。

1. Tungsten halogen lamp: replacing general lighting incandescent lamps with halogen tungsten lamps can save electricity by 50-60%;

2. Self-ballasted single-ended fluorescent lamps: replacing incandescent lamps with self-ballasted single-ended fluorescent lamps can save power by 70-80%;

3. Straight tube fluorescent lamp: replacing incandescent lamp with straight tube fluorescent lamp can save 70-90% of electricity;

4. High pressure sodium lamp and metal halide lamp;

5. Low pressure sodium lamp;

6. Light-emitting diode-LED.

四、高效节能的照明灯具、高效节能的灯用电器附件、照明节能的控制设备或器件是什么？

Q4. What are high-efficiency and energy-saving lighting fixtures, high-efficiency energy-saving lamp electrical accessories, and energy-saving lighting control equipment or devices?

高效节能的照明灯具指：

配光合理、反射效率高、耐久性好的反射式灯具以及与光源、电器附件协调配套的灯具。

高效节能的灯用电器附件指：

节能电感镇流器和电子镇流器。

各种照明节能的控制设备或器件包括：

1、光传感器；

2、热辐射传感器；

3、超声传感器；

4、时间程序控制；

5、直接或遥控调光。

Efficient and energy-saving lighting fixtures refer to:

Reflective lamps with reasonable light distribution, high reflection efficiency, and good durability, as well as lamps coordinated with light sources and electrical accessories.

High-efficiency and energy-saving electrical accessories for lamps refer to:

Energy-saving inductive ballasts and electronic ballasts.

Various lighting energy-saving control equipment or devices include:

1.Optical sensor;

2.Thermal radiation sensor;

3.Ultrasonic sensor;

4.Time program control;

5.Direct or remote dimming

五、绿色照明的目标是什么？

Q5. What is the goal of green lighting?

绿色照明工程计划是基于保护环境、节约资源而提出的。其首要目标是防治由照明所造成的污染。

绿色照明的理想境界是：

1、无汞；

2、照明节电，光源和灯具的生产过程也有利于节能；

3、光源及其附件的生产应节约各种材料；

4、制造工艺要环保；

5、光源无紫外线等有害射线；

6、各部件耐用性能好；

7、对环境无电磁干扰；

8、对电网没有伤害；

9、失效后废弃物可回收，不污染环境。

The green lighting project plan is based on protecting the environment and saving resources. Its primary goal is to prevent and control pollution caused by lighting.

The ideal state of green lighting is:

No mercury;
Lighting energy-saving, the production process of light sources and lamps is also conducive to energy saving;
The production of light sources and accessories should save various materials;
The manufacturing process should be environmentally friendly;
The light source is free of harmful rays such as ultraviolet rays;
The parts have good durability;
No electromagnetic interference to the environment;
No harm to the power grid;
The waste can be recycled after failure and does not pollute the environment.